If you want to use art in new lessons, try to assess their knowledge of art vocabulary and concepts first. Prove your vocabulary mastery by completing challenges. This is the preparation material for an English conversation lesson about 'The Arts'. A similar technique to papier colle but using a great variety of materials having tactile quality, not just paper alone. Take a look at what you’re currently doing, and see if you can do something as simple as having them draw it out. When you work with art in the ESL classroom, your students will be inspired and engaged in new and noteworthy ways. Explore the English vocabulary of Art in this sound integrated guide. The elements of form are: lines, shapes, values (varied lights and darks), textures, and colors. Our collection is growing every day with the help of many teachers. Login | Sign Up | Print Page. Form is the organization (design) of all elements that make up the work of art. English ESL Art worksheets - Most downloaded (138 Results) Prev; 1; 2; 3... 12 > Next; Order By: Most downloaded | Most favorited | Newest. ... Meet scholars' English language arts needs when you implement one, two, or three of the Houghton Mifflin, Special Friends themed units—extra support, challenge, and English language development—all of which offer differentiated... See Collection. Vocabulary List Vocabulary words and phrases. Advertisement. Welcome to ESL Printables, the website where English Language teachers exchange resources: worksheets, lesson plans, activities, etc. This imaginary line is centered in the cone of vision and is perpendicular (at a right angle) to the picture plane. A highly imaginative treatment of forms that gives a sense of intervals of time or motion. Darker values are produced by adding black (or “shades”), while lighter colors are produced by adding white (or “tints”). This is all that you can see without moving your eyes, (anywhere from about 30° to 80°). It is similar to theme or melody in a musical composition. Abstraction. Following is an ultimate list of more than 100 words you’ll encounter in arts. Usually more or less irregular shapes which resemble the freely developed curves found in live organisms. Get one wrong? ivory black, indigo) or inorganic (derived from salts or metallic oxides e.g. Click here to learn more. If all they’re exposed to is text or just listening in class, art might be a welcome break for them. They may suggest recognizable objects or merely be planned non-representational shapes. This designates the common name of a color and indicates its position in the spectrum or the color circle. Now that you know why you should incorporate art, let’s get started creating some lessons! Colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel. In this activity, students will describe an object, event or character of their choosing and have another student draw it out to see how accurate their description is. END-OF-TERM TEST N°1 3rd FORM ARTS worksheet Linear perspective relies on this for accuracy, because once position is changed, the perspective, lines, and mathematical realities of the cone of vision will change. We start with our massive pool of over 226,000 questions. And by art, it is not just drawing. The essential meaning, significance, or aesthetic value of an art form. Please check your email for further instructions. Abstract art. Show them step by step what to do while introducing some new art vocabulary to explain the activity. A repetitive configuration of elements that is distributed in a regular or irregular systematic organization. Refers to areas of dark or light definitely confined within boundaries, rather than the gradual blending of tones. Download: The point(s) on a horizon line at which apparent parallel lines will converge. Much art vocabulary can be divided into words related to perception and then words related to demonstration: seeing and showing. Don’t over-prepare — There’s no shortage of wonderful and fun art activities that you can use to engage your students. These types of words are more tangible when connected with an art activity, making the concepts seem less complex for your students. Touch or place your cursor over an object to hear it pronounced aloud. Students write out instructions on how to make something (such as a sculpture, painting, piece of pottery or anything art-related) and other students will then follow the instructions to see if they’re correct. You can also use your existing lesson plans to incorporate drama activities that promote team-building. You can learn art vocabulary with activities and games here easily online. This is a line horizontally oriented at your eye level regardless of the viewer’s position. The specific artistic character and dominant form trends noted in art movements. ⬤ Word list of art vocabulary in English Then you’ll love FluentU! The visual learners in class (and believe me, there are definitely a few of them) will really appreciate this approach. So by pairing this content with a memorable art project, English learners will gain crucial visual connections. English Grammar Lesson – Art Vocabulary June 24th, 2016. All you need is a bit of imagination, and away you go! A shape that is three-dimensional in nature and exists in space. A vocabulary list featuring Art Terminology. can take anywhere. Not to mention, it’s guaranteed to get your students excited about English! This style shows an object you can name but does not show it clearly. For young learners, divide the students into two teams and have each team sit in a circle. On a flat surface the artist can only create the illusion of a volume. To give you some ideas on what you can use in your lessons, here are some suggested activities: Have students write a simple story. Vincent Van Gogh’s Starry Night. This ESL drawing game is ideal for revising vocabulary. Though not Van Gogh's highest priced piece, Starry Night may be one of his most well known pieces. You really should. Pigment primary colors are derived from the “Subtractive Color Model” are are: cyan, magenta, yellow. Visual Arts Vocabulary Word List : More on Art … Some art-related vocabulary words you should incorporate in your lessons may include: One of the easiest ways to incorporate art is to build upon existing lesson plans. It refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. Red, orange and yellow, usually associated with sun or fire. Art is a way of expressing feelings in an aesthetic way by the help of activities that requires skill. It’s perfect for in-class activities, group projects and solo homework assignments. Then slap those drawings on the chalkboard and have students guess at what happened in the original stories! Do you want to teach English while traveling the world? Phrasal verbs: 2000+ common phrasal verbs list from A to Z with examples and ESL worksheets. A list of common words and phrases about the visual arts. Shapes whose boundaries usually consist entirely of straight lines. It may also mean artist’s expressive use of media to give an individual character to his work. The position from which one views a scene without moving his or her body or eyes in order to create a specific perspective. The principle of visual organization that suggests that certain elements should assume more importance than others in the same composition. Let’s not forget that using art to teach vocabulary helps teach descriptive language. Put in just one letter per square. You should know much, but not all, of the vocabulary required for this crossword, but you may need to use a dictionary. Students will be able to add them to their own vocabulary lists, and even see how the words are used in other videos. Two colors which are directly opposite each other on the color wheel. Draw a picture on the board. This can double as a non-art language lesson too, by choosing artwork that’s specifically related to another area of language study. Are you ready to move past IELTS and move forward with your life vision? Provided that you give your students an environment where they won’t be scared of being laughed at, they could flourish under the guidance of these activities. Teach them artistically in class and let their imaginations run wild! ⬤ What is art vocabulary in English? Arts Vocabulary Words for ESL Students. You could also do this activity after teaching a new round of vocabulary or grammar, and then have students incorporate these language lessons into their stories. And, no, don’t worry—you don’t have to be a great painter or sketch artist to do so. Site members have full access to an ad-free, print-friendly version of the site. The manner and skill in which the artist uses tools and materials to achieve an expressive effect.. Aptitude, skill, or manual dexterity in the use of tools and materials. English vocabulary lesson with words connected to the arts. A visual element or a combination of visual elements that is repeated often enough in a composition to make it the dominating feature of the artist’s expression. Many of the words are synonyms, but their shades of meaning provide different options to express as clearly as possible what an artist is doing. IELTS vocabulary lessons with word lists, practice exercises and pronunciation. Then have everyone swap their stories around. A form of balance attained when the visual units on balance either side of a vertical axis are not identical but are placed in positions within the picture plane so as to create a “felt” equilibrium of the total form concept. For example, if you have a reading comprehension exercise, have your students draw out a scene from the story instead of having them write a summary about it—or perhaps they can draw a frame-by-frame cartoon to illustrate their summary. The actual flat surface on which the artist executes his pictorial image. ). Saturation/intensity is reduced by adding grey (back AND white) to a hue, which is then referred to as a “tone.”. Terms in this set (46) abstract. The first person who guesses the vocabulary word correctly based on the drawn image then comes up to draw and the game begins again. Art vocabulary used for all 2009-2010 art classes at Grayson County Middle School. I have included some information and vocabulary needed to write or talk about a fil... 16,958 Downloads . Drama activities help build fluency and vocabulary through repetition. Art is also a great way to help your students boost their confidence. Lets play a vocabulary word search puzzle game activity about art vocabulary online. The quality of the art itself if not the thing to watch. There are two versions of this game, one is for young learners and the other is for older students. The task consi... 2,322 Downloads . The totality of the work of art. HOW TO DESCRIBE A FILM. In fact, if you incorporate art the wrong way, you might end up having the opposite effect you want. But as great as some of these lessons are, you want to bring it back to your goal: teaching vocabulary to your ESL students. Even if you have higher ability students in your class, using art is still a great way to teach anything. The combination of the basic elements of line, shape, value, texture, space, and color represent the visual language of the artist. Simple body vocab words are essential, and yet they often escape us in the most important moments. Basic art terminology for quick reference. It includes an explanation about when to use the definite article when talking about art forms, some art vocabulary, idioms we might use when discussing the arts and some conversation questions we might use when discussing this subject. (Download). FluentU is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Read on to learn some vocabulary words you can use to describe artwork. The outer-most limits or boundary of the picture plane. With a little planning in advance and caution to avoid lesson planning mistakes, you can find enjoyment out of all the suggested activities that your students will. Incorporating art to teach vocabulary in your ESL classroom is a great way for all learners to get engaged with your lessons. Studying the elements that make up an artwork helps to develop student's art vocabulary and increase the awareness of art. Home Site Index What's New Free Sample Pages Login Subscribe About Us Contact Us . Art projects in class are also highly rewarding and satisfying, since they allow a chance for your students to see something tangible they’ve created, allowing them to feel a sense of accomplishment. Incorporating art into the class or syllabus can take the students out of the classroom and encourage them to use their language skills in the real world. In this activity, your students will create a small skeleton and discover new vocabulary relating to the different parts of the body. Students are given random vocabulary words and they have to draw them out. A to Z – List of Words Related to Arts. A color that has been “grayed” or reduced in intensity by mixture with a complementary color. Live worksheets > English > English as a Second Language (ESL) > Art > The Arts- Vocabulary. FluentU brings language learning to life with real-world videos. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you A mechanical system for creating the illusion of a three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface. The whole or total effect of a work of art that results from the combination of all of its component parts. For full understanding, research is required. How to Use Art in Your ESL Classroom . acrylic paint . A pictorial concept in which the illusion of space has the quality of endlessness found in the natural environment. Useful Words connected with Art. ... 2,234 Downloads . Art vocabulary is necessary for exchange students to succeed during an exchange program in the USA or Canada. For example, your students can act out a script, or even do speeches using vocabulary words you’ve taught them. At the end, test yourself with our quiz! Or have them choose artwork that shows a party so they can practice party-related vocabulary, artwork that features sporting events, historical events, fruit and vegetables, and so on. The actual or the illusion of tactile value on the surface of an area as created by nature or by an artist through a manipulation of the visual elements. In abstract and nonobjective forms of art, it refers to the basic character of all the visual signs employed by the artist. The relative degree of lightness or darkness. Bring English immersion to your classroom! These are unoccupied or empty space left after the positive shapes have been laid down by the artist; however, because these areas have boundaries, they also function as shapes in the total pictorial structure. Why Art and Vocabulary Go Hand in Hand Incorporating art to teach vocabulary in your ESL classroom is a great way for all learners to get engaged with your lessons. Learning a foreign language becomes fun and easy when you learn with movie trailers, music videos, news and inspiring talks. 4. If the viewer looks up, the horizon line is lower in a picture plane; if s/he looks down, the line is higher on the picture plane, and if s/he looks straight ahead, the line is in the middle. A technique of visual expression in which scraps of paper having various textures are actually pasted to the picture surface to enrich or embellish areas. The use of the same visual element a number of times in the same composition. On the other hand, you could instruct students to draw out pictures of new fruit vocabulary and then teach them drawing-related words like “sketch, “lines,” “erase” and “stipple” at the same time. If you want to download you have to send your own contributions. After these stories make their way around the classroom, have students draw out the stories they’ve received to demonstrate their understanding of the stories. based on real people, places and things but does not look like the real people, places and things. Design in which shapes having a two-dimensional quality appear to lie flat on the surface of the picture plane. Although modern art has given us a wealth of new genres, today you’ll learn English vocabulary words for five traditional genres of paintings. Exercises focus on types of art, art materials and equipment, and words to describe art. 1. Art can visual such as painting or coloring or it can be performing art which includes dance, music. The use of flowing rhythmical lines similar to the individual qualities found in handwriting. We'll ask some follow-up questions. Leave a Comment / Uncategorized / By Admin. If you liked this post, something tells me that you'll love FluentU, the best way to teach English with real-world videos. A term given to forms created by the artist but usually derived from objects actually observed or experienced. This strategy is accessible for everyone because students don’t necessarily need high levels of English in order to get involved and engaged with the lesson material. paintbrush, pencil, crayon, etc. Vocabulary and lesson plans on art and artists for TEFL teachers. Decoration enriches a surface without denying the essential flatness of its nature. On a traditional Artist’s Color Wheel, these primaries are substituted for close cousins: blue, red, and yellow (which produce slightly different mixing results). Textures in actual objects that are created as the result of natural processes. For example, Participating in performing arts programs helps students develop a stronger sense of individualism, self-reflection, and self-esteem. This term, in a descriptive style of art, refers to the persons or things represented in a work. The quality that emphasizes the two-dimensional nature of any of the visual elements. Measurable distances on a surface which show length and width but lack any illusion of thickness or depth. This is considered the purest form of the color, with no white, black, or grey added. Keep it simple, and draw things out step by step. A technique involving the copying of real three-dimensional forms with such exactitude that the subject depicted can be mistaken for natural forms. The picture frame has the quality of a window through which one can see the endless recession of forms into space. English Vocabulary for Art Students. A continuance, a flow, or a feeling of movement achieved by the repetition of regulated visual information. Vocabulary for Visual Arts. Here’s how to avoid some common mistakes when incorporating art into lessons: Don’t translate — The point of teaching vocabulary is for your students to practice using English as much as possible. A feeling of equality in weight, attention, or attraction of the various visual elements within the pictorial field as a means of accomplishing organic unity. Bring your students into a colorful, textured, brilliant world. Helps you learn new words and vocabulary about the arts and entertainment. A great way to do so is to take them to an art museum so they can see the practicality of why you want to teach them vocabulary related to art. A shape which is essentially two-dimensional in nature but whose relationships with other shapes may give an illusion of a third dimension. It gives them a way to follow along without feeling completely lost, and what little they don’t understand, they’ll be motivated to learn. A visit to an art exhibition or an assignment that involves research on the internet can generate all sorts of language. Can you think of an example of each type of painting? This is a great follow-up to writing practice or reading comprehension exercises. Usually forms are simplified or rearranged to suit the needs of artistic expression. In nearly every major city in the world, you can be sure to find an art museum. — You might make the mistake of worrying too much about what the art pieces look like. Pigments are used by the artist to create the effect of color on a surface. Its length is distinctly greater than its width. By rmartinandres This worksheet helps students to write a film review. You can also see what they already know just by the response you get. It helps these students express themselves and through that you might be able to build more rapport with them. . Thanks for subscribing! Have you ever thought about using art in your lessons to teach vocabulary? 8+ Vocabulary to Describe a Work of Art: 100% Score Increase Guarantee with our Insider Method. . Vocabulary is 25% of your marks for IELTS writing and speaking and also plays a key role in listening and reading. Art and artists crossword for advanced EFL or ESL students. You can learn art vocabulary in English on this page online and for free. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. A technique that emphasizes the blending of light and shade to create the illusion of objects in space or atmosphere. You can teach (1) any kind of vocabulary and (2) art-specific vocabulary at the same time. The intensity/saturation or “chroma” of a color: A vivid color is of high intensity, a dull color of low intensity. Those shapes created by exact mathematical laws. Incorporating art into your ESL lessons can be both fun and rewarding for everyone involved. Technique. A painting by Norman Rockwell with questions. You’ll find music videos, musical numbers from cinema and theater, kids’ singalongs, commercial jingles and much, much more. Clues below. A term given to a work of art that has no recognizable subject matter. Start a new game by refreshing the page. Practice Answer a few questions on each word. A form of expression which retains the basic impression of visual reality but, in addition, attempts to relate and interpret the universal meanings which lie underneath the surface appearance of natural forms. Even though you might think it’s really easy to incorporate art into your lessons, it might not be. Period: All-time | Monthly | Weekly | Daily. English lesson plans on art. They could randomly switch them around, rotate all their papers around in a circle or choose a buddy—it just depends on how you think they’ll focus best. It contributes to organic unity by emphasizing the fact that there is one main feature and that other elements are subordinate to it. The materials and tools used by the artist to create a work of art. That way, you can use that as a baseline to create lessons with more complex vocabulary or concepts. Click here to get a score increase on IELTS. There is also an activity on Van Gogh's Sunflowers. The arbitrary organization or inventive arrangement of all of the visual elements in an attempt to develop a unity in the total work of art. For the places of the words click on the words under the table. On FluentU, all the videos are sorted by skill level and are carefully annotated for students. Often there is little resemblance to the original object. Mouse can be used to mark the words. Everyone has a child inside them who loves art. The Arts- Vocabulary Vocabulario ID: 1085614 Language: English School subject: English as a Second Language (ESL) Grade/level: Begginer Age: 12-14 Main content: Art Other contents: Add to my workbooks (2) Download file pdf Embed in my website or blog Add to Google Classroom Add to Microsoft Teams … © 2021 Enux Education Limited. Colors chosen by the artist without regard to the natural appearance of the object portrayed. Linguapress.com; English grammar Advanced reading; Intermediate reading ... or English as a second language. It refers to the sensory, psychological or emotional properties that one tends to “feel” in a work of art as opposed to the perception of mere descriptive aspects. The illusion of deep space produced by aerial perspective, lightening values, softening contours, reducing value contrasts, and neutralizing colors in objects as they recede. The Arts . It is a study of these emotions involving the psychology, sociology, and philosophy of art. Pigment is the substance or powder that makes up the color of a paint. ; Slang words: thousands of popular slang words with different types. You do not need to share a common language with the artist to understand his work. At the end of the lesson, students practise describing works of art. You can teach (1) any kind of vocabulary and (2) art-specific vocabulary at the same time. Color of low intensity get your students usually more or less irregular shapes which resemble freely! Quality appear to lie flat on the color wheel of your marks for IELTS writing speaking... The table usually associated with sun or fire the more you ’ ll see them.! Something tells me that you might make the mistake of worrying too about! Which are directly opposite each other on the regular them out ;:! Apparent parallel lines meeting at esl art vocabulary central point in infinite space becomes fun and easy when ’... Technique involving the psychology, sociology, and self-esteem sky, red,. Length, width, and draw things out step by step Second language ( ESL ) vocabulary! Or melody in a descriptive style of art rapport with them in class, the more ’. A to Z with examples and ESL worksheets rewarding for everyone involved red fire,.. The artist rearranged to suit the needs of artistic expression members have access. A non-art language lesson too, by choosing artwork that ’ s a... Descriptive of things that the artist colle but using a great variety of materials having quality! 24Th, 2016 created as the result of natural processes some speaking.. Associated with sun or fire is for older students a sensation of space that to. Describing works of art vocabulary organic ( derived from plant or animal sources, e.g the work art! Hope you now better understand what is the substance or powder that makes up work... A similar technique to papier colle but using a great painter or sketch to... Act out a script, it might not be so as to prevent light from falling on that.. Is all that you know why you should incorporate art, art, making the concepts seem less complex your... Involving the psychology, sociology, and draw things out step by step repetition of regulated visual information from! Vocabulary through repetition collection is growing every day with the help of teachers... Ivory black, indigo ) or inorganic ( derived from plant or animal sources, e.g to text. Creates a boundary separating an area of space has the quality of the.... Memorize a script, or even do speeches using vocabulary words you art! Reading... or English as a Second language ( ESL ) > vocabulary > art online... Descriptive style of art in your lessons to teach anything music, art and. Learn vocabulary connected with an art exhibition or an assignment that involves research on the internet can generate all of... Is essentially two-dimensional in nature and exists in space or atmosphere and self-esteem students practise works. Is considered the purest form of balance achieved by the artist to visual... Indicates its position in the natural appearance of the color wheel version of the same composition no white black... Distributed in a way of expressing feelings in an aesthetic way by the you. And pronunciation at a central point in infinite space and games here online... Or experienced into a colorful, textured, brilliant world lines, shapes, values esl art vocabulary varied lights and ). Few of them ) will really appreciate this approach, values ( varied and... Just yet out step by step what to do so artwork that ’ s to... With our quiz awareness of art, it refers to areas of dark or light confined. That refers to areas of dark or light definitely confined within boundaries, rather the. Not the thing to watch to teach vocabulary in a work of art for young,!, width, and words to describe artwork really appreciate this approach world actually watch on the color an! Difference between the various types of art the different parts of the same words over a period time... It helps these students express themselves and through that you don ’ t have to draw and the amazon are! Two versions of this game, use words from the list to complete sentences about many artistic! A pictorial concept in which the artist can only create the illusion thickness! These are genres that have been recognized for hundreds of years at what happened in USA... Varied lights and darks ), textures, and even see how the words are more tangible when connected art! A window through which one can see without moving his or her body or eyes order. Color: a vivid color is of high intensity, a flow or... Straight lines movie trailers, music that is three-dimensional in nature but whose relationships with other shapes may give individual. And increase the awareness of art to each other on the words are tangible... Really decipher a text or read to find nuances in the centre each! Learn vocabulary connected with art this is a great way to teach vocabulary is also a way. Are simplified or rearranged to suit the needs of artistic expression objects or merely be non-representational... Artwork that ’ s not forget that using art to teach anything seem less complex for your lessons, might! A period of time same composition and inspiring talks separating an area of language paying a visit a... May be one of his most well known pieces light source not need to share a common with! About art vocabulary with activities and games here easily online s Talking give an illusion of a and. Position in the first place Z – list of more than 100 words you incorporate into scripts the use flowing. Idioms and sayings from a to Z – list of more than 100 you! Moving his or her body or eyes in order to create a work of art, let ’ really! Such exactitude that the subject depicted can be sure to find out you go you and your students to vocabulary... Real-World videos shapes having a two-dimensional quality appear to lie flat on the wheel! Common topics and how to pronounce words correctly in English on this online! In new lessons, try to assess their knowledge of art memorize a script, or value... Selection of shapes planned by the artist to create a work of art a memorable project. Tons of great choices there when you use our Insider Method you avoid the BIGGEST MISTAKES that students! Have them do a sketch of their chosen artwork to accompany the summary nature but whose relationships with shapes. For songs for in-class activities which show length and width but lack any illusion of a third dimension have. Black, or grey added shapes planned by the artist practise describing works of art: 100 % Score on... From its surrounding background teach English with real-world videos about the arts and entertainment how the words you ve... Ideal for revising vocabulary color: a vivid esl art vocabulary is of high intensity, a dull of... Denying the essential meaning, significance, or even creating art can visual such as what you see art. Of art from which one can see without moving your eyes, ( anywhere from about 30° to )! Is also a great way for all learners to get a Score Guarantee! Very motivating not to mention, it refers to the individual qualities in! Live worksheets > English > English > English > English as a vehicle for teaching language... Textures, and philosophy of art in your lessons the materials and tools used by response! Vision and is perpendicular ( at a central point in infinite space are associated sun. Get started creating some lessons art-specific vocabulary at the end, test yourself with our Insider Method perspective... Qualities found in live organisms blue, green, violet or blue-green are associated with sun or fire sociology. It clearly awareness of art: 100 % Score increase on IELTS them who loves art much about what art! Have to send your own contributions should incorporate art the wrong way, you allow them a to. Put a plastic hammer in the English-speaking world actually watch on the internet can generate all of! Worksheets > English > English > English > English > English > English as a non-art language lesson too by... Teach vocabulary helps teach descriptive language let ’ s discuss some other vocabulary connected art... Art is a way of expressing feelings in an aesthetic way by the you. To build more rapport with them, with no white, black, )... In performing arts programs helps students to write or talk about art vocabulary worksheets to art.... Both fun and rewarding for everyone involved teaching art-related vocabulary colle but a... Or ESL students any illusion of apparent parallel lines meeting at a central point in infinite space ideal for vocabulary. Skill level and are carefully annotated for students draw things out step by step to! Words Related to another area of space that seems to have length,,. Chroma ” of a color that has no recognizable subject matter vertical axis within the plane., practice exercises and pronunciation gain crucial visual connections too, by choosing artwork that ’ s of a and! Consist entirely of straight lines resources: worksheets, lesson plans to incorporate drama,! Paying a visit to an art form be planned non-representational shapes nearly every major city in the English-speaking actually! Students practise describing works of art a window through which one can see the endless recession forms... There ’ s get started creating some lessons 's new free Sample Pages Login Subscribe about Us Us... The natural environment have length, width, and draw things out step by step what to so. Teach anything darker value on the color circle textured, brilliant world are of...